Publications in Peer Reviewed Journals

Berg, J. J., Gilmore, A. W., Shaffer, R. A., and McDermott, K. B. (2021). The stability of visual perspective and vividness during mental time travel. Consciousness and Cognition, 92, 1-22. DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2021.103116

Shaffer, R. A. and McDermott, K. B. (2020). A role for familiarity in supporting the testing effect over time. Neuropsychologia, 138, 1-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107298

Roediger III, H. L., Abel, M., Umanath, S., Shaffer, R. A., Fairfield, B., Takahashi, M., and Wertsch, J. V. (2019). Competing national memories of World War II. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116 (34), 16678–16686. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1907992116

Gilmore, A. W., Nelson, S. M., Naaz, F., Shaffer, R. A., and McDermott, K. B. (2018). BOLD activity during correct-answer feedback in cued recall predicts subsequent retrieval performance: An fMRI investigation using a partial trial design. Cerebral Cortex, 28 (11), 4008–4022. DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx264

Manuscripts in Preparation

Shaffer, R. A. and McDermott, K. B. (currently in press at Memory). The dual-process perspective and the benefits of retrieval practice in younger and older adults.

Shaffer, R. A. and McDermott, K. B. (in prep). On the reliability and stability of the testing effect.

Posters and Presentations at National Conferences

Shaffer, R. A. and McDermott, K. B. (November, 2021). The Testing Effect: Robust, but is it Reliable? Talk presented by Shaffer, R. A. at: the 62nd annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society. Virtual Conference (due to COVID).

Shaffer, R. A., Balota, D. A., and McDermott, K. B. (November, 2020). Recollection and Familiarity Support the Testing Effect in Younger and Older Adults. Poster presented at: the 61st annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society. Virtual Conference (due to COVID).

Shaffer, R. A., Spaventa, T., Zerr, C. L., and McDermott, K. B. (November, 2019). Individual Differences in Relearning from Long-Term Memory. Poster presented at: the 60th annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society. Montréal, Québec, Canada.

Shaffer, R. A., Gilmore, A. W., DeSoto, K. A., and McDermott, K. B. (November, 2017). Recollection, Familiarity, and the Testing Effect Over Time. Poster presented at: the 58th annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Roediger III, H. L., Abel, M., Umanath, S., Shaffer, R. A., and Wertsch, J. V. (July, 2016). Conflicting Memories of World War II. Talk presented by Roediger III, H. L. at: International Conference on Memory. Budapest, Hungary.

Posters at Local Conferences

Shaffer, R. A., Wertsch, J. V., Abel, M., Umanath, S., and Roediger III, H. L. (April, 2016). Collective Memory of World War II: Six Countries, Six Histories. Poster presented at: St. Louis Area Undergraduate Research Symposium. St. Louis, MO.

Shaffer, R. A., Wertsch, J. V., Abel, M., Umanath, S., and Roediger III, H. L. (April, 2016). Collective Memory of World War II: Six Countries, Six Histories. Poster presented at: Washington University in St. Louis Undergraduate Research Symposium. St. Louis, MO.

Shaffer, R. A. (October, 2013). Crowdsourced Cross-Cultural Accounts of World War II: Is Wikipedia an Agent of Collective Memory? Poster presented at: Washington University in St. Louis Undergraduate Research Symposium. St. Louis, MO.

Theses

Master's Thesis

"Exploring the Mechanisms that Underlie the Benefits of Retrieval Practice in Younger and Older Adults"
(January, 2021) Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis

Undergraduate Honors Thesis

"Collective Memory of World War II: Six Countries, Six Histories" (2016)
Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis